Monthly Archives: February 2019

THE BEADY EYE SAY’S. WHEN IT COMES TO BREXIT THOSE WHO DON’T KNOW HISTORY ARE DESTINED TO REPEAT IT.

22 Friday Feb 2019

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(Four-minute read)

As Brexit grinds its way to Mar 29 it is obvious to all in Europe that there is no fear of the Englishman turning into the “new Europeans”.

Brexit now has UK politics by the short and haires showing that it is in need of proportional  representation politics and not first pass the post.

Why?

Because the UK is made up of groups from 22 foreign countries that are estimated to consist of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK.

(people born in Poland, India, Pakistan, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Germany, Bangladesh, South Africa, China, Italy, Nigeria, Lithuania, the United States, France, Spain, the Philippines, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, Australia, Portugal, Kenya and Zimbabwe)

677,177 classified themselves as of mixed race, making up 1.2 per cent of the UK population.

It is estimated that as many as six million people living in the UK have an Irish-born grandparent (around 10% of the UK population).

Indeed it would be fair to say that there has been so much immigration and intermarriage that it’s difficult to find a true “Englishman” whose bloodline, on both sides of the family, is so pure that he can trace his (her) dynasty to the point before England even existed.

On the other hand no group anywhere in the world outside Olduvai, in eastern Africa, can lay claim to being truly “native”.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "pictures of british history"

In the imperial imagination of British politics, there are only two states: dominant and submissive, coloniser and colonised. This dualism lingers. If England is not an imperial power, it must be the only other thing it can be: a colony.

This is the mental cartography that English conservatism cannot transcend – the map of a Europe that may no longer exist in reality, but within which its imagination remains imprisoned. “Europe.”

The tragedy of all this is the position that Ireland finds its self in.

The Anglo-Irish relationship has been the dominant theme of most Irish historical writing.

However, it is difficult to understand modern Ireland without understanding modern Britain, too. Current discussions around Brexit bear out the adage that the Irish never forget their history and the English never remember it.

Brexit certainly illustrates how the ‘Irish Question’ never dies; it just gets reformulated.

The notion that Irishness might be defined in opposition to England hardly comes as a surprise.

One only has to look at what Boris Johnson told theTelegraph on 14 May 2016, a month before the referendum and I quote.

“Hitler tried to unite Europe, so does the EU, therefore the EU is a Hitlerian project. But the lack of subtlety did not stop the trope from being used in the Brexit campaign: “Napoleon, Hitler, various people tried this [unifying Europe], and it ends tragically. The EU is an attempt to do this by different methods.”

I can’t help but wonder if the more gung-ho proponents of Brexit are even aware of the potential minefield that they are marching Ireland into?

Brexit now provides the backdrop to some particularly contested anniversaries: the 20th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement (1998); the 50th of the outbreak of the Troubles (1969); and the 100th of the political partition of the island (1920) and the outbreak of civil war (1922).

The full consequences of Brexit remain to be seen.

Ironically, the cause of Irish nationalism was better served by Britain looking the other way.

As George Bernard Shaw observed, Ireland – which before independence had been regarded as a central part of the British polity – was relegated to the significance of a ‘cabbage garden’. It drifted to the edge of Westminster consciousness, allowing a fatal indifference to the flawed performances of the devolved regime in Northern Ireland.

Any attempts to undermine the Good Friday Agreement or to reintroduce a ‘hard’ border with Northern Ireland could negate many of the gains achieved as a result of the Peace Process.

Sharing a common European agenda has provided Ireland, north and south, with great scope to work together, to find common cause and to play down our differences.

The British Government’s (re)negotiation of the border between the UK and Ireland, necessitated by Brexit, is evidence of a blindness to the legacies of Ireland’s colonisation.

Similarly, much remains unknown about the Troubles (1969-98) that claimed over 3,500 lives. The Good Friday Agreement did not set up formal mechanisms for confronting the past akin to the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions established in South Africa and Latin America. Reparation has been conducted ad hoc by independent bodies, not via the criminal justice system.

Ireland cannot and will never recognise a border.

This remains the challenge of balancing opinions rooted in polarised politics and sharply differing visions for future Irish states, including the constitutional status of Northern Ireland.

A steady convergence of interests on the EU or the Peace Process in recent decades meant that there was no need to look to the past. That the British did not pay attention to Irish concerns at the time of the Brexit referendum is less surprising when seen in context.

A sense of British national identity developed during the 18th century in opposition to the French or, more generally, to Catholic Europe. Later, Britons imagined themselves as pragmatic and liberal, unlike militaristic, idealistic or excitable Europeans.

Unfortunately, whether there is a deal or no deal the damage is now done.

So we left with the British paradox:

If you were English, Brexit is bad enough, but what followed will be worse.

Outside the native ruling, class will be eliminated.

Think things are bad? Think again.

 None of this is necessary. There will always be one more thing.

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THE BEADY EYE SAY’S: WE NEED TO GET AWAY FROM SEEING LIFE BEING NEATLY DIVIDED UP INTO THREE PARTS- SCHOOL-WORK-RETIRE.

22 Friday Feb 2019

Posted by in Nanotechnology

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( Twenty minutes read)

 

Why?

Because returning to a world that relies on human and animal muscle power is not an option.

Résultat de recherche d'images pour "PICTURES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY"

The 21st century will see technological change on an astonishing scale. This scale will be so small that none us alive today will comprehend it.

Our lives, relationships and ways of looking at the world are changing in ways we can’t predict because these changes will be on a nanoscale.

Nanotechnology is a common word these days, but many of us don’t realize the amazing impact it has on our daily lives.

Some of the implications surrounding nanotechnology are ethical, not economic like whether nanotechnology could be used to forge new weapons at the molecular or atomic scale that would be easy to build and impossible to detect.

Nanotech is opening up a whole new spectrum of how the world worked.

Whereas the evolutionary path of the atomic world has occurred over billions of years, the evolutionary path of the synthetic nanoparticle world has just begun.The evolutionary path of the atomic world and architectural evolution of nanoparticle world

Man-made nanoparticle assemblies are beginning to revolutionize different fields including thermoelectronics, photo electronics, catalysts, energy generation and storage, as well as medical diagnostics and therapeutics.

The fusion of inorganic nanoparticles with living matter can provide new systems that combine the advantages of both worlds.

Right now, most of the nanotechnologies you come across are incorporated into existing products. However, the societal impacts of new technologies are easy to identify but hard to measure or predict.

Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-emerging areas of scientific research that will have significant social impacts in the areas of military applications, intellectual property issues, as well as having an effect on labour and the balance between citizens and governments.

Are we the great unwashed concerned? Of course not.

What you cannot see has little or no impact till it’s too late.

Now it the time to make every reasonable effort to anticipate and mitigate adverse effects and unintended consequences of nanotechnology.

As nanotechnologies are developed, we’ll reap new benefits but also face new risks.

Its generalization could not be farther from the truth as nanotechnology research and development is truly global.

The digital universe – all digital data worldwide – has grown to over 16 zettabytes (1021 bytes) in 2017.Schematic depiction of a solid-state nanopore platform for digital data storage

So what is Nanotechnology?

Here are a few facts to open your eyes that will make it more appealing and fascinating for everyone. Most individuals don’t know much about it…

Nanotechnology is a different type of science, respecting none of the conventional boundaries between disciplines and unashamedly focused on applications rather than fundamental understanding.

Nanotechnology is an amalgamation of different technologies that may be totally unrelated, thus it would be wrong to consider the nanotechnology industry as a stand-alone sector – it would be akin to grouping steel, copper, gold, silver, and aluminium under one umbrella.

  • Nanoparticles are being used commercially in many products like food, cosmetics and others as they result in brighter colours, richer flavours and also less wastage.
  • One notable application is known colloquially as the Bionic Hornet. No bigger than an average wasp, the flying device is designed to seek out, follow, photograph and even kill selected opponents.
  • It may even transform what it means to be human.
  • We’ll probably be able to plug information streams directly into the cortex for those who want it badly enough to risk the surgery. There will be smart drugs to enhance learning and memory and a flourishing black market among ambitious students to obtain them.
  • Nanotechnology, which promises to rebuild matter atom by atom, molecule by molecule, and to give us unprecedented power over the material world.
  • We will be sharing videos, simulations, experiences and environments, on a multiplicity of devices to which we’ll pay as much attention as a light switch.
  • Nanotechnology is already on the shelves of your supermarket. Tiny nanostructures make ice cream look and taste better, while nanoparticles in plastic bottles keep beer fresh. In the future, nanotechnology could be used in all stages of food production, from cultivation to processing to distribution.
  • Already, there are computer chips with self-assembled nanocrystals.
  • In the future, ferrofluid which is a fluid is made of tiny, nano-sized particles of iron oxide suspended in the liquid might be used to carry medications to specific spots in the body.
  • Today, nanogold is being used in an experimental cancer therapy that targets
    tumours, leaving healthy tissue unharmed. Nanogold is also used to detect specific
    strands of DNA.

However by 2035, we will be talking about the coming of quantum computing, which will take us beyond the world of binary, digital computing, on and off, black and white, 0s and 1s.

Nanoparticles are difficult to detect, which makes it hard to monitor their use and dispersal into the environment.

Future nanotechnologies will address issues of global importance, such as energy, medicine, water, and food. Nanoparticle assemblies will open the door to an era where DNA-based living nanoscale materials are ‘genetically’ modifiable and can undergo structural ‘evolution’.

It might allow us to abolish ageing and death.

However, we don’t know if nanotechnology will really change the world.

Take our cities, for example, they have become too big and complex for any single power to understand and manage them.

The nanotechnology can be expected to concentrate political power in the hands of governments. It can be expected to be applied to further miniaturize and advance surveillance technologies such as cameras, listening devices, tracking devices, and face and pattern recognition systems.

WHATEVER HAPPENS, OUR LIVES NOW NEEDS TO BE BUILT AROUND A NEW MODEL THAT RECOGNIZES GAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS WILL BECOME THE KEY CREATOR OF ECONOMIC VALUE.

Since the size of today’s silicon chip memory cards and mechanical hard drives have limited just how small our personal electronic devices can be, the use of nanotechnology should remove these limits and thus shrink the devices down to the size of a grain of sand. This could eventually lead to the development of futuristic DNA computers.

It’s worth emphasizing that these applications of nanotechnology are not theoretical or “in-principle” achievements. The hardware exists.

The problems associated with the tech don’t lie in finding out if it will work, they lie in finding out if it will scale.

The possibilities are endless.

In the future, nanotechnology could enable objects to harvest energy from their environment. By harvesting electricity from human motion. This opens the door to creating clothing with built-in sensors to monitor health or fitness metrics, or clothing that uses an app to change patterns and colours.

Overall, nanotech and nanorobotics look extremely promising for applications in space exploration and colonization.

All this assumes that environmental catastrophe doesn’t drive us into caves.

The one thing we can be sure of is this:

No matter how wacky the predictions we make today, they will look tame in the strange light of the future.

Not only that, but the performance of such tiny devices could surpass the latest and greatest of today, thanks to carbon nanotubes.

An idea that nano-scale assemblers capable of fabricating any object, as well as self-replicating, could run amok and consume everything in their path—

Another 25 years of development will lead us to a new world of cheap and ubiquitous computing, in which privacy will be a quaint obsession of our grandparents. We’re already designing our identities online – manipulating imagery to tell a story about ourselves.

Facebook and Apple are spawning cloud capitalism, in which consumers allow companies to manage information, media, ideas, money, software, tools and preferences on their behalf, holding everything in vast, floating clouds of shared data.

I bet there’ll be many products we’ll be allowed to buy but not see advertised – the things the government will decide we shouldn’t be consuming because of their impact on healthcare costs or the environment but that they can’t muster the political will to ban outright.

The developing world, meanwhile, will work to bridge the food gap by embracing the promise of biotechnology which the middle classes in the developed world will have assumed that they had the luxury to reject.

OF COURSE, ALL OF THIS NEEDS ENERGY.

People already use up to 40% of the world’s primary production (energy) and this must increase, with important consequences for nature.

Energy is a means, not an end, but a necessary means.

Disappointingly, with the present rate of investment in developing and deploying new energy sources, the world will still be powered mainly by fossil fuels in 25 years and will not be prepared to do without them.

Crucially, we are still rapidly losing overall biodiversity, including soil micro-organisms, plankton in the oceans, pollinators and the remaining tropical and temperate forests.

These underpin productive soils, clean water, climate regulation and disease-resistance. We take these vital services from biodiversity and ecosystems for granted, treat them recklessly and don’t include them in any kind of national accounting.

We will be invited to trade invasions into our privacy – companies knowing ever more about our lives – for more personalised service. We will be able to share but on their terms.

As the web goes Nano those who pay more will get faster access.

We’re going to be interrupted by advertising like never before.

They’ll have enough intelligence and connectivity that they’ll see our faces, do a quick search on Facebook to find out who we are and direct a message at us based on our purchasing history.

The most serious threats will arise in the vortex of Nano instability.

With 6.7 billion people on the planet, more than 50% living in large conurbations, and these numbers expected to rise to more than 9 billion and 80% later in the century people can be better informed about what’s really happening in nanoscience and nanotechnology, without the hype.

The best part is that all of this could happen immediately if we simply spread the information in an understandable way. People don’t read science journals, so they don’t even know that all of this is possible.

There is a need now for regulation of nanotechnology.

PERHAPS THE PARADOX OF A TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD WILL BE THAT CLIMATE CHANGE AND PROTECTIONIST WILL BE GOOD NEWS.

New philosophical and sociological challenges will be derived from the societal transformations propelled by nanotechnology, and the tight relationship between access to technology and human fulfilment in life will have to be explored and discussed in great detail.

Dare I suggest that nanotechnology should feature more prominently in the education of school children. To come to an understanding it will require “a long-term educational strategy.

It is therefore imperative that we all learn about nanotechnology and become aware of its implications early in our lives.

As with all aspects of the fourth Industrial revolution, we need to explore the multiple connections of nanotechnology to all aspects of human endeavour, and to lead society into ethically harvesting and responsibly enjoying the many benefits that will be derived from it.

All human comments appreciated. All like clicks and abuse chucked in the bin.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE BEADY EYE SAY’S : WE ALL KNOW THAT TIME IS RUNNING OUT TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE.

18 Monday Feb 2019

Posted by in Climate Change.

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(Twelve-minute read)

When one looks at the current efforts worldwide to put a halt on co2

emissions you could not be blamed for feeling nothing but despair.

THE PROBLEM IS TO MOBILISE ANY OF US TO DO ANYTHING.

Indeed our most vivid pictures of a world confronting climate change come nowhere near what will happen.

By the end of the century, our children and grandchildren too may be confronted with a hostile climate, depleted resources, devastated habitats, large-scale species extinction, food shortage, mass migration and, almost inevitably, war.

We know that the richest 10 per cent of countries account for half of all

global climate-damaging CO2 emissions.

However, when it comes to action, environmental and climate protection has

not yet been taken on board by the vast majority of us.

We all know that if we just keep going as we have before we’ll soon reach our

planet’s ecological limits.

We all know that what is needed is a better synergy between environmental and the implications of emphasizing consumer behaviour as a source of climate change mitigation.

Our dilemma is that we live in a finite world but behave as if it were inexhaustible.

One of the greatest drivers of this dilemma is advertising.

Early in our history, a consumer culture emerged in Europe that sees society reward the most consumption-oriented lifestyle.

It is one of the main reasons for the prevailing economic system with endless consumption growth and the ruthless exploitation of the planet Earth. Everything has been turned into a source of profit including climate change.

Our Governments and world organisations are unable to effect change due to fear of upsetting the status quo and even if they were willing to take action there is a lack of funding.

The Beady eye has suggested a World Aid Commission of 0.05% as a means of creating a perpetual funded fund to address climate change. ( See previous posts)

The chances of this happing are zero however there is another source of action that could make a difference.  THAT IS OUR BUYING POWER.

Only then, presumably, when the pressure coming from below – from us citizens – targeting the policy- and decision-makers grows, will environmental and climate protection really makes the breakthrough.

This can be achieved by small groups by small groups coming together promoting stopping the purchase of anything that is not sustainable. 

The average resource consumption per capita and year today, for example in Germany, is around 30 tonnes. For a truly sustainable lifestyle, however, the consumption of resources would have to be reduced to 8 tonnes.

What about banning all advertising that DOES NOT PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE BUYING.

See previous post: WE DON’T GET IT. ARE OUR LIVES SCRIPTED?

We need a campaign driven by social media.

Social media marketing is a highly tracked place full of analytics, statistics, 

behaviours and trends!  Everything on the internet is tracked from optimal

times of engagement, likes and reactions, click through rates, demographics

to even referral traffic!

Say you’re doing a web search on something like the flu.

Before you can sneeze the next thing you know, an ad for a flu remedy pops up on your web browser, or your video streaming service starts playing a commercial for Tylenol.

Soon if not already with all these connected devices our privacy will be completely under assault 7/7.

In a cross-device landscape, creepy online Ads will be watching your every move with personalised stalker ads.

You would think that it should make us think twice about how much advertising we allow ourselves to be exposed to.

Not on your nelly: DIGITAL ADS ARE TAKING OVER OUR LIVES.

Here are a few hard facts:

The world population is 7.6 billion and the internet has 4.1 billion users.

Close to half the world’s population (3.03 billion people) are on some type of social media. The average person spends about 20 minutes on Facebook or one in every six minutes a person will spend online.

Failing to set our youth on a path to a healthy relationship with the world around them.

One thing they do is to take a product and to put it next to lots of other things that we already feel positively about.

1.57 billion YouTube users watch about 5 billion videos on average every single day. Of the 2.1 billion total accounts on Facebook, 270 million profiles are fake.

86% of women will look at social media before deciding to make a purchase.

People are accessing 69% of their media on their smartphones.

89% of people on smartphones are using apps, while only 11% are using standard websites. Unsurprisingly, Facebook is the most popular app at 19%(measured by time spent)

Pinterest is number one for mobile social media, with 64% of referral traffic being driven by smartphones and tablets.

57% of all mobile users will not recommend a business if their mobile website is poorly designed or unresponsive.

40% of all mobile users are searching for a local business or interest.

Mobile websites that load in 5 seconds or less will end in a viewing session that’s 70% longer than their slower counterparts.

92% of American teens accessed the internet on a daily basis, where 56% claim to connect several times a day, and 24% are connected almost constantly to the internet.

Advertising is one of the principal motors of a capitalist economy.

Excessive consumption is possible because we personally pay the price for it

only to a small extent.

The lion’s share goes to nature, another part is paid by people in other parts of the world, and in the future, our children and grandchildren will pay for it.

Today’s advertising is out of control.

It is the most objectionable aspects of our consumer economy. The modern marketplace abounds with products that pose difficult challenges for regulators. Thousands of new substances are synthesised annually and many of them are released into the environment, with mostly unknown effects on plants, animals and humans.

Will people after us still have the chance to live a life fit for human beings in 

a world that we have left for them?

Is it not time we all adopted a buyer’s precautionary principle of sustainability. This way of doing business is of paramount importance for our future, given the current overuse and waste of material and energy resources worldwide.

The precautionary principle is becoming more and more important, since today, as far as the environment is concerned, we are likely to cause far more new problems than we are to solve existing problems.

In the past 150 years, almost half of the fertile soil on Earth has disappeared.

Every day, about 100 living species die on our planet.

They are irretrievably lost forever.

The consequent significant wearing down of nature is now threatening the basis of the existence of us humans on Earth. This means that, as fast as possible, we must reduce consumption.

With the first generation growing up literally attached to smartphones, tablets and laptops, with access to social media and the Internet, effective conditioning is most effective when you don’t realize that it is happening.

We need our governments to ban pervasive marketing by fining companies that make false, deceptive, or misleading advertising claims. That is encouraging the purchase of their products by implying that they are doing good like save a Tiger when you purchase a plastic bottle of washing powder.

We need to ban outdoor advertising. Visual pollution branding message into the everyday landscape of commuters and becomes part of the very fabric of the living and working environment where it is placed.

All human comments appreciated. All like clicks and abuse chucked in the bin.

 

 

 

 

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THE BEADY EYE SAY’S THE WORD HOW IS MISSING IN OUR WORLD OF EDUCATION

13 Wednesday Feb 2019

Posted by in Education.

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Eight minutes read.

Back in the 60th, I had a dream that every student after University could access a grant to travel worldwide for a year free before entering the world of earning a living.

There is nothing like travel to open your eyes to the world you live in.

We’re all aware of the fact that education is a universal human right, anywhere in the world.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "pictures of education for all"

Equality is a term largely thrown around in political discourse. However, without education, it is an idea that is largely out of reach.

The ultimate goal of the education system was created during the industrial revolution.

Back then young lads like me that had not experienced either world wars were to be brainwashed into conformity. Our current day educational system is still stuck in this mode.

However, due to technology advancement, people are shunning away from education.

Who could blame them?

When the same old system does not guarantee the technical skills that are needed in the current world, they tend to find the information they need online.

With 21st century technology, we have more opportunity and ability to create change than ever before.

We have the power to shape how we think the world should operate, and so far we have not taken advantage of that opportunity.

Technology is actively transforming the world today and will continue to do so whether schools are ready for it or not.

The big difference today is it’s not just about acquiring knowledge. It is about learning in a different way.

If the world around us changes and we do not, how are our students going to be prepared for the jobs of the future — largely technology-based, non-traditional careers?

The current education system is teaching us outdated skills designed for the industrial era, and ignoring modern history; a modern history that will dictate the career paths of current students.

We are depriving the future society of the best foundation possible for a better world by allowing governments to charge for Education.

It is no wonder rather than treating higher education as an investment into the future of a country, at an average of £30/50000 debt young people shay away.

I am sure investors would not hesitate to do their part in planning ahead and securing the future of a nation if for ever pound invested they were rewarded by tax benefits.

Modern education is spreading more ignorance than knowledge.

The word “How” is missing in our world of Education which causes ignorance.

Our education system has developed into mere schooling now. It has become a process of spoon feeding. We are being fed with facts and knowledge without any need to understand how.

Education…has produced a vast population able to read but unable to distinguish what is worth reading. Our schooling does not leave us with time to get educated.

Education provides context to history, art, depth of understanding, and perspective that some people would not otherwise experience. This is part of the traditional role education fulfils in teaching about culture and the transmission of our society’s values.

We cannot assume that the six hours a day a student spends in school is sufficient to teach them to appreciate the riches of our society.

If education wants to capture the attention of children then it must compete with the increasingly effective seductions of commercial offerings.

We must stop teaching the curriculum and start teaching the individual if we are to truly understand the threat that is Artificial intelligence and automation.

Now students finish university spend years looking for anything more than menial labour; the next ten years are going to make this seem like a happy outcome. Within that time frame, we will face an employment crisis that will shake the foundations of our society, our political system, and our economy.

Combined with climate change and ever-increasing protectionism, and inequality the only answer is education, for adults as well as young people.

What is the value of memorizing facts if you can command them with a wave of a search engine?

It is understanding and context that are critically important.

We are headed into a world where creativity and innovative thinking will be more valuable than rote learning of any depth.

We will, instead, need to fall back on those things that are uniquely human, like art, teamwork, leadership, empathy, understanding, creativity, ingenuity, and all of the deeper aspects of human life and society. Computers, robots, and cheaper competition from abroad will take everything else.

Must we wait and see these problems racing towards us? Do we have the will do to something about them? Those are the questions that will determine why and how we need to change education.

Online education is booming.

Is this the solution to education ie distance learning?

Hundreds, if not thousands, of online colleges courses in dozens of fields, are now are open to distance learners making it possible for students to receive advanced training and earn college or university degrees without having to leave their native countries.

Online education is booming in poorer countries, which promises to raise the economic and social conditions in these countries.

There is also a potentially darker side to online education as well.

As demand increases and technology develops, companies will want to get a piece of the action by promoting their goods and services. This is part of the inevitable mix of money and education.

Not all “schooling” is “education,” and not all “education” is “schooling.

The new generation of student is born digital and the current system was designed in a different era and structured for a different society.

WE NEED TO RENEW OUR SENSE OF COMMON DESTINY WITH THE WORLD AROUND US.

In the current climate, the true meaning of education has been lost. There are few educators today and there are too many trainers.

Something with specific and determined ends is schooling, not education.

Education is something we should value for its own sake, not for another purpose – it is an end in itself, not a means.

If you actually educate children and young people properly they will learn to think for themselves rather than just being indoctrinated – which is what “education for social justice” actually means.

All human comments appreciated. All like clicks and abuse chucked in the bin.

 

THE BEADY EYE SAY’S. THE TRUTH IS ALWAYS INCONVENIENT. THERE ARE AND WILL BE CONSEQUENCES AWAY BEYOND BREXIT.

08 Friday Feb 2019

Posted by in Backstop., Brexit v EU - Negotiations., Brexit., England EU Referendum IN or Out., Norther Ireland, Northern Ireland Border., The Obvious., Unanswered Questions., WHAT IS TRUTH

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(Ten-minute read)

This is a sad subject to be writing on but it is becoming more and more obvious as Brexit drags on  IT IS OPENING UP THE PAST.

Politicians, public, and press need remedial history lessons before it’s too late.

May has “gone into battle with the white flag fluttering over our leading tank,” complains Johnson as if the Brexit negotiations were a job for a British expeditionary force. While the horrors of war remind the UK’s continental neighbours of the need for co-operation, Britain’s war story feeds an adversarial view of the country’s place in the world.

WHAT BEGUN TO BE TAKEN FOR GRANTED DUBLIN LONDON CO-OPERATION, PUBLIC JESTERS OF GOODWILL THROUGH VISITES OF QUEENS AND PRESIDENTS TO EACH OTHER JURISTRICTIONS.

THOSE THINGS NOW SEEM LIKE THINGS OF THE PAST.

Why?

Because there is and was little or no understanding of Irish History.

(Which is going to show itself once more when the dust settles.)

One can hardly understand why our world become the world we live right now but not the other way around.

PERHAPS THEREFORE THERE IS LITTLE REASON OR REASONS TO TRY AND EXPLAIN THE ROOTS OF BREXIT BECAUSE MOST ARE SOMEWHAT INCOMPENHENSHABLE IN OUR CHANGING WORLD.

SO WHAT CHANCE DID THE ENGLISH HAVE OR HAD OF UNDERSTANDING WHAT THEY ARE DOING WHEN THEY WERE VOTING TO LEAVE THE EUROPEN UNION?

One way or the other England is now well on the way toward been mugged by a combination of the DUP, Nigel Farage and their misplaced understanding of being British in a world driven by social media popularism.

The attitude displayed by the United Kingdom so far is that Ireland has no influence on the historical process of England, therefore we don’t need to learn its history.

I suspect that if you asked someone in school right now in England what they know or learned about Irish history the answer would be, not much, especially considering history is completely optional.

I also strongly suspect the lack of it is contributing greatly to Brexit.

Occasionally Ireland might have been mentioned as a sub-note, such as its neutrality in WW2 and invasions by other English/British rulers.

In fact, in the Grand Scheme of things these days; Knowledge is spoon fed and compartmentalized in such rations. People only think they know what they know. And given a degree to say they are educated.

However here and now is the time for the whole of the British Isles to appreciate what is at stake and why.

May agrees on a £1.5bn deal for DUP’s votes.

As a result, we are witnessing the most unlikely coalition partners for a floundering Conservative party sit on the hard right fringe of British politics.

Why?

Because Theresa May’s new partners in government have strong historical links with Loyalist paramilitary groups.

So what!

The idea of a British government involving the DUP in one of the biggest

upheavals in British politics should worry all of us.

The Good Friday agreement made Northern Ireland and Ireland pause for a moment to note and reject sectarian history.

By entering into a coalition with the DUP it is becoming ever more apparent that Mrs May does not consider Peace or Stability in NI a priority. Instead, she is sacrificing years of work on the Peace process in order to say in power.

The xenophobia, heterophobia and homophobia of Democratic Unionism have now received a form of tacit endorsement from the Conservative Party, a wink-and-a-nod acknowledgement which will give 17th century Protestant fundamentalism a platform to preach its archaic world-view in the 21st century. From opposing civil rights to denying climate change, the creationist-believing Ulster Trumps have been offered a warm welcome in Downing Street.

The DUP is UKIP or the BNP both are parties on European far right, a grouping in the mode of Marine Le Pen’s Front national or Frauke Petry’s Alternative für Deutschland all will take this sacrifice to the nth degree.

The Europhobes of the DUP, with their determination to build a Brexit Border around the UK-administered Six Counties, will seek every advantage over their near-equals in the northern nationalist community.

They will seek, like the Tory extreme, to tear up the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and its human rights’ provisions, while stripping nationalists of their Irish and European Union citizenships.

They will bring the politics of Britain’s legacy colony in the north-east of Ireland closer to a fatal breaking point than they have been at any point in the last twenty years.

For an abundance of historical reasons (not to be dragged up here in any detail) it certainly worries the Irish Government.

What is needed is for responsible politicians to recognise that the DUP bills itself as “right-wing.

For example;

Iris Robinson, a former DUP MP, described homosexuality as “disgusting, loathsome, nauseating, wicked and vile”, as well as an “abomination” that could be “cured”.

Mr Robinson the then DUP leader supported his wife’s remarks, saying: “It wasn’t Iris Robinson who determined that homosexuality was an abomination, it was The Almighty. This is the Scriptures.

It is a strange world indeed where somebody, on the one hand, talks about equality, but won’t allow Christians to have the equality, the right to speak, the right to express their views.”

So where does Theresa May go from here?

She can’t just get rid of her DUP crutch. She signed a deal with the devil and has to live with it now.

I think the technical term is she is fucked and by deduction, the UK is also fucked by the DUP’s disproval of the backstop deal miscolour Northern Ireland as a whole.

Résultat de recherche d'images pour "the origins of the dup"

Ireland has struggled with British domination for centuries and still does so today.

WHEN THEY ARE UNABLE TO GOVERN NORTHERN IRELAND.

What gives the DUP the right to dictate Brexit?

WHEN THEY ARE UNABLE TO RECOGNISE Irish Gaelic a minority language in Northern Ireland who’s protection stems largely from the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

( THE REASON THAT THEY ARE UNABLE TO RECOGNISE THE IRISH LANGUAGE IS THAT THE DUP ASSOCIATE THE USE OF IRISH AS A FORM OF NATIONALISTS CULTURAL EXPRESSION AND RESISTANCE FROM THE SO-CALLED BRITISH OCCUPATION.)

It has long been a matter associated with an identity. Take the two National anthems.

A Soldier’s Song against God Save the Queen.

Ulster unionists regard the anthem as specific to the Republic of Ireland, not symbolic of the whole island of Ireland, and deprecate its use with United Ireland symbolism as irredentism.

The symbolism of flags in Northern Ireland raises similar issues.

IRELAND CANNOT AND SHOULD NOT WEAKEN IT’S STANCE ON A LEGAL BACKSTOP.

Ireland fought the Vikings, they mated with the Vikings and got colonized by the Vikings.

They fought the English, mated with the English, got colonized by the English.

What is emerging from Brexit is that England does not have any longer a national identity.

It is not the British that does not want to be European its the English. Nationalism is the root cause of war.

By refusing to confront its complex and difficult history, Britain is turning its back on decades of shared progress, to the dismay of its friends. Britannia is adrift on the waves, and only by facing its past can it reclaim its future.

They say that mad dogs and English men come out in the noonday sun.

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THE BEADY EYE ASK’S: WHEN WILL IT MAKE SENSE FOR AN AI TO LIE TO A PERSON.

07 Thursday Feb 2019

Posted by in Algorithms., Artificial Intelligence., Big Data., HUMAN INTELLIGENCE, Humanity., Life., Our Common Values., Reality., Technology, The common good., The essence of our humanity., The Future, The Obvious., The world to day., Unanswered Questions., WHAT IS TRUTH

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( Two Minute read)

We all know that history is plagued with falsehood and lies mainly told by the victors but now we have new liers on the block that are so perfect at telling them you wonder if anything is true.

They are a powerful amplifier of social, economic and cultural inequalities currently forcing us to confront the kind of society we have created.

Algorithms will force us to recognize how the outcomes of past social and political conflicts have been perpetuated into the present through our use of data.

The question now is whether we will use these revelations to create a more just society.

For 4bn years life on Earth evolved according to the laws of natural selection and organic chemistry. Now science is about to usher in the era of non-organic life evolving by intelligent design, and such life may well eventually leave Earth to spread throughout the galaxy.

Artificial intelligence will probably be the most important agent of change in the 21st century. The choices we make today may have a profound impact on the trajectory of life for countless millennia and far beyond our own planet.

That demand for clarity is making it harder to ignore the structural sources of societal inequities.

The question in the near future will be whether larger groups of people will be able to tell reality from fiction, or whether technological authentication of media will become completely necessary to trust anything online.

So when will it makes sense for an AI to lie to a person?

It’s entirely possible that a robot may need to misrepresent some things in order to preserve itself.

As algorithmic decision-making spreads across a broadening range of policy areas, it is beginning to expose social and economic inequities that were long hidden behind “official” data.

In order for AIs to lie effectively, they’re going to have to develop what’s called a “theory of mind.” That means they’ll have to guess what you, the user believes, and also predict how you will react when given any particular set of information (whether that information is true or not).

Disinformation powered by AI is already rampant – Donald Trump election, Brexit, Popularism.

So are we OK with lying to an AI and, likewise, OK with being lied to by an AI?

Fake reports and videos.Bots.Algorithmic curation. Targeted behavioural marketing powered by algorithms and machine learning.

I for one would like to live in a society whose systems are built on top of verifiable, rigorous, thorough knowledge, and not on the alchemy of machine learning

(A machine-learning system is a bundle of algorithms that take in torrents of data at one end and spit out inferences, correlations, recommendations and possibly even decisions at the other end.)

I can’t explain the inner workings of their mathematical models: they themselves lack rigorous theoretical understandings of their tools and in that sense are currently operating in alchemical rather than scientific mode.

They encourage hypnotised wonderment and they disable our critical faculties.10 of the Biggest Lies Told About Bitcoin

If we don’t take some action the future of life on Earth will be decided by small-time politicians spreading fears about terrorist threats, by shareholders worried about quarterly revenues and by marketing experts trying to maximise customer experience.

Hopefully, unchecked flaws in algorithms and even the technology itself should put a brake on the escalating use of big data.

We need such systems themselves “understand” enough to avoid deception.

There will be no point in a Machine learning life returning to earth if we are unable to know what it experienced is true.

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THE BEADY EYE SAY’S: WE ARE ONLY GOING TO INVENT SOMETHING SMARTER THAN US ONCE.

04 Monday Feb 2019

Posted by in Algorithms., Artificial Intelligence., Communication., Evolution, Humanity., Innovation., Life., Modern Day Communication., Our Common Values., Reality., Robot citizenship., Technology, The common good., The essence of our humanity., The Future, The Obvious., The world to day., Unanswered Questions., WHAT IS TRUTH, What Needs to change in the World

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( Ten Minute read)

Over the past decade, smartphones have revolutionized our lives in ways that go beyond how we communicate.

It is incontrovertible that they have yielded many benefits for society but the power they hold over us is glaringly evident.

Critical thinking in the real world is being replaced by Apps which are making us unable to focus for more than a minute.

Learning to live with technology without surrendering to it is the biggest challenge in the digital era.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "pictures of technology"

If we continue to live with our head in vibrations, and pings of our phones there is no douth that we will be handing what is called life to the worst form of Capitalism –  unseen profit for profit sake.

Undoubtedly, the capability of advancing technology coming forth from the latest industrial revolution has the potential to make even bigger and greater improvements on every aspect of our lives changes than the first three industrial revolutions summed together.
Technology and advancements in science are driving transformations around the world creating ripple effects on societies, institutions, and economies.
They will and are transforming the ways in which we live, work, and interact with one another.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "pictures of technology devices"
Understanding these new technologies and their disruption potential is critical for all nations and especially developing countries.
Since humans are responsible for technological development, humans are
also responsible to exert every effort in shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution
and directing it toward a future that reflects the universal good.
So I ask the question facing us all is, would you like to be alive in a hundred years from now. 
If not, even the arrival of whatever God or gods you believe in will not save us from a world of I am all right Jack.

The fourth industrial revolution describes a world where individuals move between digital domains and offline reality with the use of connected technology to enable and manage their lives. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.

The breadth and depth of these changes herald the transformation of entire systems of production, management, and governance.

However, this fusion of technologies goes beyond mere combination and cannot be ignored any longer. We stand on the brink of a technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another.

In its scale, scope, and complexity, the transformation will be unlike anything humankind has experienced before. We do not yet know just how it will unfold, but one thing is clear: the response to it must be integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders of the global polity, from the public and private sectors to academic and civil society.

In a world infused with artificial intelligence and machine learning ability, with robots lacking an essential feature – the capacity of moral reason, it is easy to see what will happen.

On one hand, preventing genetic disease by genetic engineering is desirable.

On the other hand, what guidelines, or regulation, or ethical boundaries are there in order to prevent the over-manipulation genetics for desirable traits?

Further, the most critical question is, whose moral standards should robots inherit. 

Moral values differ greatly from individual to individual, across countries, religions, and ideological boundaries. Uncertainty over which moral framework to adopt underlies the difficulty and limitations to ascribe moral values to artificial systems.

This limits their ability to make good or ethical decisions in complex situations.

It is more than just technology-driven change we have new ethical concerns emerging.

These changes are bringing about shifts in power, shifts in wealth, and knowledge.

The speed of current breakthroughs evolving at an exponential rather than a linear pace has no historical precedent. 

The increased dichotomization is leading to an increase in social tensions while our lives become extensively connected to various devices, from our cell phones, cars, and light switches to our home security cameras, and smart speakers.

It is altering the way people eat, sleep, shop, socialize, study, play.

These technologies give rise to vast possibilities—but they can also upend the status quo and create nearly as much uncertainty as it does opportunity.

A paradigm shift is underway in how we work and communicate, as well as how we express, inform, and entertain our self. Having everything attached to everything else people will have no control over either technology or the disruption that comes with the fourth industrial revolution.

The argument is:

The intelligence and productivity gains that AI will deliver can unlock new solutions to society’s most pressing environmental challenges: climate change, biodiversity, ocean health, water management, air pollution, and resilience, among others.

At the same time, the revolution could yield greater inequality, particularly in its potential to disrupt labour markets. As automation substitutes for labour across the entire economy, the net displacement of workers by machines might exacerbate the gap between returns to capital and returns to labour.
The evolution of global industries in the fourth industrial revolution is both exciting and scary.
Only in being knowledgeable about these changes and the speed in which this is occurring can we ensure that advances in knowledge and technology reach all and benefit all.
To be sure that AI is developed and governed wisely, government and industry leaders must ensure the safety, explainability, transparency and validity of AI applications.
AT THE MOMENT OUR GOVERNMENTS AND WORLD LEADERS OFFER EMPTY PROMISES.
Definitions and standards relating to the “misuse of AI” are needed
that incorporate misuse for environmental as well as human harm.
It is incumbent on authorities, AI researchers, technology pioneers and AI adopters in
industry alike to encourage deployments that earn trust and avoid abuse of the social contract.
Recently we have witnessed the father of a young girl state on Television that his daughter committed suicide because of content on platforms of Social media.
A tragedy that could be avoided by our governments applying legal fines on any platform  Social Networks (eg. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, etc) Instant Messaging (eg. IM, MSN, etc) Chatrooms (eg. Skype, Yahoo, MIRC, etc) that posts
Cyberbullying – Sexting/Self-made videos or photos –  online groomers, impersonating someone -Engaging in Subtweeting or Vaguebooking – Participating in Video Shaming and the like. 
If the fines are large enough you may rest assured that these platforms will remove all such content.
   Résultat de recherche d'images pour "pictures of technology in education"
One thing is certain: 
If we end up with a centralized system where the winner takes all markets we can perversely hope that Climate change wipes us out sooner than later.  
With the arrival of voice recognition, the focuses on education will have to change from modes of teaching to modes of learning.
It won’t be long before Eco and Alexa will be offering rewards to answering questions.
The world in a hundred year from now will be full of useless stuff telling you whether you are alive or dead.  You might even have the pleasure of your Alexa telling you’re toasted that its mother was one a spanner.
Of course, some believe that humans will be known as the most powerful creatures present in the galaxy that surrounds the world.
O! Yet. Have a look around you.

Technology might be changing our definition of what it means to be a

Human?

Fortunately we humans have a long way to go to be human in the first place.

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THE BEADY EYE SAY’S: WE DON’T GET IT. ARE OUR LIVES SCRIPTED.

03 Sunday Feb 2019

Posted by in Climate Change.

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( SEVEN MINUTE READ)

We’ve always lived in a cloud of uncertainty about the world around us— not any more.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "images of climate change effects"

Most of us recognize that climate change is real yet we do nothing to stop it.

We can talk about it till the methane cows come home.

It is more and more apparent with the state our world is in that no solutions will be acceptable even if we are all looking down the barrel of extinction.

The world remains more than 85 per cent reliant on fossil fuels to satisfy its thirst for energy.

THIRTY YEARS AGO, the potentially disruptive impact of heat-trapping emissions from burning fossil fuels and rainforests became front-page news.

Here we are today and we still don’t get it.

Close our eyes, hope for the best and pay the cost when the bill comes due.

There remains a host of human behavioural traits and social norms that cut against getting climate change right.

Climate change is unlike any environmental problem we’ve ever faced.

It won’t be fixed by circumscribed regulations and treaties and limited technological changes.

Climate change is too big in space, time, and complexity; the emissions that cause it are too central a consequence of the effort of some 7.5 billion people now, and some 10 billion within several decades, to prosper on Earth.

Even if we manage to introduce technological solutions it’s hard to know if a technological civilization could survive losing something like 70 per cent of its population.

Technology will never cease to amaze—and surprise—us but we need a dictator global government on the Environment.  Binding treaties, Paris agreements are of no use.

There’s no single “we” when it comes to energy, nor for vulnerability to climate hazards.

We seem unable to set political partisanship aside, even in the face of a
terrible—global—problem. It is quite obvious if we could get China, the United States, and the European Union in a room and agree to stop greenhouse gas pollution quickly, the problem would be solved.

Unfortunately, that is not going to happen anytime soon.

For the up and coming generation, climate change is in the air now. It is embedded in the culture they are growing up in. It is mentioned in movies, on television, by celebrities. Young people aren’t deniers.

However intellectual progress is made one funeral at a time.

There is no one solution to climate change. There will be many. We don’t even know now where all the solutions are going to come from and we don’t really know how close to disaster we are.

Unfortunately, our values, assumptions, and prejudices can take on lives of their own, gaining authority as they are shared, dividing people in their wake.

Would someone please tell me how wants to live in a WORLD where you have to be worried all the time.

Only by acquiring the full understanding of the system and its plan as if we ourselves designed and created it can we understand that if we are to avoid climate change we must make Profit for profit sake pay for the solutions.

Our role is to become fully conscious, independent observers of reality. We can’t change anything only our viewpoint, relation, attitude toward the world and everything, everybody surrounding us.

In the previous post, I advocated that the only way to tackle climate change was to apply a 0.05% World Aid commission on all High-Frequency Stock Trading, Sovereignty Wealth Funds, on all foreign Currency Trades over $50.000, on all World Lottos, to create a self-perpetuating fund of billions. These funds would be totally transparent and granted on a non-repayable base to projects that created sustainability.

Against the current state of our world, the likely hood of such funds is probably pie in the sky.

So it appears without any cooperation amongst our world leaders it is up to us as individuals.Résultat de recherche d'images pour "images of an atom"

To do this we must form small units like atoms, containing three people within each and every atom.

The number one goal?

Influence others to make changes, to exercise their rights both as citizens and as consumers, to eat food that is both locally grown and seasonal.

To drive less, fly less, switch to a ‘green’ energy provider.

To become seen not just data by attending protest events. Because from the day we are born our lives before us are being scripted more and more by technology to turn us just into actors.

(We are born into this illusory, “free and independent” Human reality, so by gradually revealing, acknowledging that it is a lie and we are fully directed by evolution’s force, we develop the necessary contrast, comparative duality in order to fully understand the system.)

(Invisible scripts are truths so ubiquitous and deeply embedded in society that we don’t even realize they’re guiding our attitudes and behaviour. They’re usually so subtle they’ll pass through your mind completely undetected. That’s okay as long as you realize any invisible script you adopt has the power to shape your life tremendously.)

When one person makes a sustainability-oriented decision, other people do too.

The UN Climate Convention keeps a portfolio of dozens of projects around the world you can contribute to.

A person who doesn’t know anything about his destination is treated as mad.

This is a life-altering problem we are gambling with humanity because too many unknowable things kick in.

But what is the psychological mechanism that allows us to know something is true but act as if it is not?

Mostly, the religious people are made to believe the predetermined nature of our existence and meanings attached to that.

Fear.

Between 1945 and 1986 we built up a lot of infrastructures to make sure we would not blow each other up with weapons of mass destruction. It took years.

This time it is scripted by evolution’s intelligent, it is now or never.

So if by some chance some rich dude read this I would ask him or her to support the Athom movement by designing a badge to be worn.

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THE BEADY EYE ASK,S. WHICH CAME INTO EXISTENCE FIRST – TEMPERATURE-GRAVITY- PROTONS- ELECTRONS – ATOMS – MOLECULES- MATTER- LIGHT- TIME.

01 Friday Feb 2019

Posted by in Enegery, Evolution, Scientific., The Atom., The Obvious., THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE., Unanswered Questions., WHAT IS TRUTH

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( A HALF AN HOUR CONFUSING READ.)

Theoretical Science has endeavoured to explain what the universe is made up of with some success until it comes to the vast emptiness of spaces.

Perhaps some logical thinking is needed to enable us to understand how the universe began.

It requires developing a better theory of how space, time, and matter are related.

Every single second of every single day, you are being bombarded by trillions upon trillions of subatomic particles, showering down from the depths of space. They blow through you with the strength of a cosmic hurricane, blasting in at nearly the speed of light. They’re coming from all over the sky, at all times of the day and night. They penetrate the Earth’s magnetic field and our protective atmosphere like so much butter.

These tiny little bullets are called neutrinos.  Neutrinos have this annoying habit of changing character as they travel. That’s right, as a neutrino travels in flight, it can switch masks among the three flavours.

Although many subatomic particles break down into other particles, so far no one has caught the decay of protons or neutrons, which make up the nuclei of atoms.

Neutrinos continually challenge everything we know about physics.

Neutrinos are the ghosts of the subatomic world. Interacting via only the weak nuclear force, they can pass through matter without interacting nearly at all.

The visible universe—including Earth, the sun, other stars, and galaxies—is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons bundled together into atoms.

(Protons and neutrons are particles called baryons, and baryogenesis means the creation of baryons. (Understanding this requires more brain power than I have.)

The rest of the universe appears to be made of a mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter (25 per cent) and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy (70 per cent).

Perhaps one of the most surprising discoveries of the 20th century was that ordinary, or baryonic, matter makes up less than 5 per cent of the mass of the universe.

Although astronomers understand what the universe was like just a few seconds after the Big Bang, no one yet knows what happened at the instant of the Big Bang – or what came before.

The key assumption of this model is that just before the Big Bang, space was filled with an unstable form of energy, whose nature is not yet known. 

Energy comes in different forms:

  • Heat (thermal)
  • Light (radiant)
  • Motion (kinetic)
  • Electrical
  • Chemical
  • Nuclear energy
  • Gravitational
  • Energy sources are divided into two groups: Renewable / Nonrenewable.

In fact, all the matter in the universe could have arisen from a bit of primordial energy weighing no more than a pea.  At some instant, this energy was transformed into the fundamental particles from which arose all the matter we observe today.

This energy in the form of light comes in discrete packets called photons.

All the results, the origin of space and time rest with the Big Bang.

This leaves us with the question what caused the big bang, what was there before.

According to the Big Bang model, the Big Bang took place everywhere in space (not just at a point).

The Big Bang could have been triggered when our own universe collided with a “parallel universe”  which set off tiny gravity waves in motion.

After the Big Bang, all of space was filled with matter so hot that it glowed -In fact, a steady stream of this light is continuously arriving at Earth, from distant regions of space, having travelled for billions of years to get here.

So the afterglow of the Big Bang IS still filling the universe today- with cosmic microwaves.

This is where it starts to get complicated.

Light is being distorted and magnified by massive, invisible clouds of dark matter in the foreground-a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.

The inflationary model predicts that Big Bangs are continually taking place in other regions of space – and string theory suggests that these other mini-verses may be so different from our own that even the laws of nature and the number of dimensions of space may be different.

The inflation model makes several testable predictions. One of the most important is that the primordial energy would have been “lumpy” – i.e., unevenly spread out in space – due to a kind of quantum noise that arose when the universe was extremely small.

However, there is not enough mass to support a universe that is closed so it expands forever.  New space is continuously coming into existence between galaxies. Thus, the creation of the universe – or at least of the space in the universe – is a continuous process that is still taking place.

If there is enough mass, the gravity attracting all the pieces to each other will eventually stop the expansion and pull all the pieces of the universe back together in a big crunch. The universe would then be closed universe made up of dark matter, dark energy, and antimatter.

An international team of astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has discovered a ghostly ring of dark matter that was formed long ago during a titanic collision between two massive galaxy clusters. It is the first time that a dark matter distribution has been found that differs substantially from the distribution of ordinary matter. This image shows the galaxy cluster Cl 0024+17 (ZwCl 0024+1652) as seen by Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The image displays faint faraway background galaxies that had their light bent by the cluster's strong gravitational field. By mapping the distorted light and using it to deduce how dark matter is distributed in the cluster, astronomers spotted the ring of dark matter. One of the background galaxies is located about two times further away than the yellow cluster galaxies in the foreground, and has been multiple-imaged into five separate arc-shaped components, seen in blue.

For something that supposedly takes up 80 per cent of the total mass of the universe, we don’t know a whole lot about dark matter, antimatter, or dark energy.

There is little or no evidence supporting their existence.

We are yet observed dark matter directly, however, scientists are confident it exists because of the gravitational effects it appears to have on galaxies and galaxy clusters.

If this is so dark matter came into existence before gravity.

However, if dark matter and dark energy are interchangeable, the same thing and do not absorb or emit light and interacts with visible matter through gravity, Gravity came first for it to be able to interact in the first place.

Is dark matter even real? And if it’s not, then is everything we know about gravity wrong?

One leading hypothesis is that dark matter consists of exotic particles that don’t interact with normal matter or light but that still exert a gravitational pull but there are multiple forms of gravity and all are attractive forces irreverent of their strength.

According to another idea, dark energy is a fifth and previously unknown type of fundamental force called quintessence, which fills the universe like a fluid. A  repulsive force that counteracts gravity, keeping the universe from collapsing in on itself.

I ask why the strange force exists in the first place.

For example, why is the speed of light not faster than it is?

Why are electrons so much lighter than the protons they orbit in atoms?

Why are the constants and laws of nature just so, and not different?

If there was nothing, to begin with, then where did the laws of nature come from?

How did the universe “know” how to proceed?

And why do the laws of nature produce a universe that is so hospitable to life?

What we do know is that if these fundamental laws and constants were even slightly different from what is observed, then life as we know it would not exist.

If the universe is expanding what is it expanding into?

If the universe is infinitely big, then the answer is simply that it isn’t expanding into anything; instead, what is happening is that every region of the universe, every distance between every pair of galaxies, is being “stretched”, but the overall size of the universe was infinitely big, to begin with, and continues to remain infinitely big as time goes on, so the universe’s size doesn’t change, and therefore it doesn’t expand into anything.

The answer is that we really don’t know what, if anything, the universe is expanding into. The space between the galaxies “stretches”, so we have no way to see “outside”  to get a sense of the entire shape and figure out where the centre is.

So we don’t think there is any way to observe or measure what is beyond unless it had some effect on us that we currently don’t know about. It would be really weird to imagine reaching the “end” of space.

What would it look like, for example?

If the universe is indeed infinite, it doesn’t have anything to expand into.

So the total size of the universe is the same!

You and I aren’t expanding, the Earth isn’t expanding, the sun isn’t expanding, even the entire Milky Way galaxy isn’t expanding.

That’s because, on these relatively small scales, the effect of the universe’s stretching is completely overwhelmed by other forces (i.e. the galaxy’s gravity, the sun’s gravity, the Earth’s gravity, and the atomic forces which hold people’s bodies together).

It is only when we look across far enough distances in the universe that the effect of the universe’s stretching becomes noticeable above the effects of local gravity and other forces which tend to hold things together.

Massive collisions are produced as pairs of black holes or neutron stars — both incredibly dense objects left behind after a star explodes — draw close to one another.

As they dance, they cause gravitational waves to ripple outward until the objects eventually collide. This explosion is more than just a pretty sight; it is the main source of the elements that make up our planets and all the other objects in the night sky.

So how are the elements that make up matter created in the first place?

From what element are all other elements made?

Elements are subdivided into several categories based on where they originated from: The Big Bang, Cosmic Rays, Large Stars, Small Stars, Supernovae, and Man-Made labs.

Everything is made starting with hydrogen. But where did the hydrogen in the universe come from? From a proton and an electron.

So maybe it is particles that came first.

Where do those fundamental particles, and their even more fundamental particles come from? No one knows because it would require knowing exactly how the universe began, and where all matter in it originated from.

Humans will never know that.

When particles of both collide, heat would naturally move from the warmer body to the colder one, causing the warmer body to cool ever so slightly.

Humans and their galaxy have about 97 per cent of the same kind of atoms.

A new element is discovered, by smashing atoms together to see what happens.

Each element emits distinct wavelengths of light from within a star they are substances that cannot be broken down further.

There are several ways to consider the composition of the human body, including the elements, the type of molecule, or type of cells.

Some 60 chemical elements are found in the body, but what all of them are doing there is still unknown. Roughly 96 per cent of the mass of the human body is made up of just four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, with a lot of that in the form of water. For now, we can only say for certain what 20 or so elements are doing.

Although humans share most elements with the stars, the proportions of those elements differ between humans and stars. For example, humans are about 65 per cent oxygen by mass, whereas oxygen makes up less than 1 per cent of all elements measured in space.

So here are my logical conclusions:

The assumption here is that “before the big bang” actually means something.

The standard cosmological model is based on time and space both being countable numbers in natural units. This assumes we have a meaningful definition of void and exist without our universe being around.

Our model does not provide these definitions, so our assumptions rely on some false hypothesis premises.

I’m not going to say there was emptiness or nothingness before, at least not in the sense you mean them.

Nothing does not indicate emptiness (where there is no matter) but indicates the  NOT existence.

Only with Quantum Mechanics is it hypothesized that even in nothing can be created with quantum fluctuations the Universe. I have not understood how it is possible but it seems that there are Physicists who imagine this possible.

Why is there something, instead of nothing?

Go one step back and remember that before vacuum, you have to have space and before space, you have to have a dimensionality.

Nothing was Fluctuating.

The WHOLE UNIVERSE (and then some) is a Cold Black Hole.

Currently, we consider Black Holes to be gravitationally induced space deformations where not even light can escape.

THIS IS A FALSE LOGICAL FLAW SINCE BLACK HOLES ARE MADE UP BY MATTER AGGREGATES.

THEY PRODUCE TIME SPACE DARK ENERGY DARK MATTER ECT AND THE BIG BANG.

SO BLACK HOLES CAME FIRST. 

HOWEVER, Without time, we and THE UNIVERSE  wouldn’t be here.

SO TIME CAME FIRST AND WILL EXIST EVEN IF THERE IS NOTHING.

Even physicists agree that time is one of the most difficult properties of our universe to understand. … In the sciences generally, time is usually defined by its measurement:

The indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present and future regarded as a whole.

Clearly, time is not an object or substance we can touch or see.

It may be considered as potentially infinite. We remember the past but we don’t remember the future. There are irreversible processes.

Even in empty space, time and space still exist.

So there’s an infinite number of universes behind us and an infinite number of universes coming ahead of us.

All human comments appreciated. All like clicks and abuse chucked into the black hole.