( Seven minute read)
Genetic engineering is the act of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism, it can inevitably make us become the first species in history to direct its own evolution.
However there is always a but. Ignoring our ongoing evolution while pursuing gene editing would be incredibly reckless.
Like any evolutionary trait, this new ability may help our species to thrive—and perhaps even produce successor species. Or it may not. It could be one of those evolutionary traits that leads a species down a path that endangers its survival.
Evolution is fickle that way.
In other words, though genetic engineering is a very advanced technology for now, we are going to face a lot of questions not only just the confusion of our evolution. Such as if we tend to edit our gene over and over, the edit gene will be more and more common over generations, but at that time, are we still human beings or a new kind of species?
So where are?
After millions of centuries during which evolution happened “naturally,” humans now can hack the code of life and engineer our own genetic futures. Or, for those who decry gene editing as “playing God,” let’s put it this way:
Nature and nature’s God, in their wisdom, have evolved a species that can modify its own genome.
We will keep evolving one way or the other, but with genetic engineering of humans already under way, we must also consider our evolutionary future. Ignoring our ongoing evolution while pursuing gene editing would be incredibly reckless. On the other hand, genetic engineering can indeed help human to solve a lot of questions.
Before we embark on the most significant alteration to the natural evolution of life, let’s be sure we understand what we’re dealing with.
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We still know very little about exactly how it works.
We are just starting to understand how the human microbiome — the billions of bacteria and other microorganisms that live in and on our bodies — influence our evolution.
China has already treated at least 86 patients using a new technique called CRISPR gene editing to treat human diseases like certain forms of cancer. So far, these approaches only affect the genes of the patient receiving the treatment, but the next logical step will be to edit genes in human embryos. This would be a permanent cure, since the edited genes would be passed on to subsequent generations.
If we are no longer subject to a natural lottery of endowments, will it weaken our feelings of empathy and acceptance?
If we are wise in how we use it, biotechnology can make us more able to fend off lethal viruses and overcome serious genetic defects.
Should humans actually alter their genetic code to introduce preferential attributes? Should parents be allowed to dictate what their children look like? And, perhaps most pressing of all, should we be altering our own evolutionary path in this extreme way? (Selective breeding is not considered a form of genetic engineering.)
If the marvellous enhancements offered at the genetic supermarket aren’t free (and they won’t be), will that greatly increase inequality—and even encode it permanently in the human race?
What might CRISPR do to the diversity of our species?
Cultural and evolutionary forces can act in opposition to one another. In other words, the population is evolving.
David Attenborough remarked that “we are the only species to have out a halt to our own evolution.
Modifications can be generated by methods such as gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, transfection of synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion.
Genetic modification/engineering of plants still in a test stage.
The technology is still relatively new, and it may take several years before new varieties of pest resistance plants are on sale.
Is this true? No. GM crops have been consumed by billions of consumers in North and South America and Asia for more than 25 years with no ill-effects.
Current genetically engineered crops include those that are resistant to insect attack or are herbicide resistant.
In Japan, you can already buy tomatoes rich in a chemical called GABA, which has a calming effect, and modified sea bream where more of the flesh is suitable for sushi. A US firm is developing seedless blackberries and stone less cherries, gene-edited wheat. Sheep and goats have been genetically engineered to produce chemicals in their milk that can be used to treat disease.
Scientists have recently added a gene to bananas.
We have cultured meat, produced in bioreactors without the slaughter of an animal, has been approved for sale by a regulatory authority for the first time.
What does the future of genetically modified crops hold?
There is no magic fix to climate change and no sure-fire way to make agriculture more sustainable, but climate change will and is transforming how we feed ourselves.
New legislation has also opens the door to the sale of meat, eggs and dairy from gene-edited animals. The new rules do not require GE foods to be labelled as such.
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Genetic engineering of stem cells.
Stem cell potential to use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine are endowed with genetic circuits have the potential to transform basic science and medicine.
Significant efforts are currently underway to program stem cells with genetic circuits to push their differentiation into desired lineages. It is suggest that synthetic biologists can program stem cells with artificial decision-making abilities that can be used to direct stem cell fate into desired lineages. While some principles of genetic engineering remain steadfast, others change as technologies are ever-evolving and continue to revolutionize research in many fields. The next generation of innovators in the field of genomics and data sciences will be using Biobank data leading to patients.
Stem cells play an important role in the development and regeneration of human tissues.
The ultimate goal of the cell engineering strategy is to industrialize and form real cell products that can be marketed.
- Transfer of the selected gene into other species. GM crops might breed with wild relatives of the crop plants.
- Pollen produced by the plants could be toxic and harm insects that transfer it between plants.
- GM crops could cause allergic reactions in people.
- Crop growers cannot collect seed from their plants and sow them, because they are different genetically – they must buy new seeds every year – so people in developing countries may not be able to afford them.
- The plants produce toxins, which would kill insects eating the crop.
Just like technology the world of GM is more or less non regulated.
In the end perhaps we will be eating ourselves and passing this data to a conscious robot.
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