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THE BEADY EYE LOOKS AT: OUR CURRENT THEORIES ON THE BIG BANG. THE COMPLEXITY OF WHICH IS YET TO BE ANSWERED.

05 Friday Apr 2024

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( Twenty minute read)

In the beginning, there was an infinitely dense, tiny ball of matter. Then, it all went bang, giving rise to the atoms, molecules, stars and galaxies we see today. Even earlier, this thinking goes, at some point our entire universe — all the stars, all the galaxies, all the everything — was the size of a peach and had a temperature of over a quadrillion degrees. For decades this explanation, the amazingly fantastical story, holds up of the creation of the Universe and to all current observations.

The problem is that the physics that we use to understand the early universe (a wonderfully complicated mishmash of general relativity and high-energy particle physics) can take us only so far before breaking down.

Taken at face value,

This tells us that at one point, the universe was crammed into an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point. This is obviously absurd, and what it really tells us is that we need new physics to solve this problem — our current toolkit just isn’t good enough. We need some new physics, something that is capable of handling gravity and the other forces, combined, at ultrahigh energies.

What we know as the Big Bang was sparked by something else happening before it — the Big Bang was not a beginning, but one part of a larger process. In other words, the complicated (and, admittedly, poorly understood) physics of this critical epoch may indeed allow for a radically revised view of our time and place in the cosmos.

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I am neither a Scientist or a Quantum professor so what follows is what I have learned while researching this post. It is for some Einstein out there to answer the questions.

It is quite obvious that the Universe has not existed forever. It was born.  Out of time.  An entity cannot appear out of nothing and time has no entity while space and light do, even if they are expanding or traveling. A God as an entity is an other matter.

A universe popping into existence out of nothing is so bonkers. A detonation occurs in one place and shrapnel flies into the void.

In the Big Bang, there was no centre and no pre-existing void, so it didn’t happen at any ‘location’. Space itself popped into existence and began expanding everywhere at once, before time was invented.

But what is time? Does it exist? is the past present and the future all one and the same.?

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Time is familiar to everyone, yet it’s hard to define and understand.

Science, philosophy, religion, and the arts have different definitions of time, but the system of measuring it is relatively consistent. It is not something we can see, touch, or taste, but we can measure its passage. But if a system is unchanging, it is not timeless.

The question of why time is irreversible is one of the biggest unresolved questions in science.

As far as the universe is concerned, time had a beginning. The starting point was 13.799 billion years ago when the Big Bang occurred.

If the universe is considered to be an isolated system, its entropy (degree of disorder) can never decrease. In other words, the universe cannot return to exactly the same state in which it was at an earlier point.

Time cannot move backward.

The “grandfather paradox” is a classic example. According to the paradox, if you travel back in time and kill your grandfather before your mother or father was born, you could prevent your own birth.

Many physicists believe time travel to the past is impossible, but there are solutions to a temporal paradox, such as traveling between parallel universes or branch points.

Will time end?

The answer to this question is unknown. Time does not actually exist. “Time is just an illusion.” Is this really true? Is time just a figment of our imagination?

It makes no appearance in physical science except…” What does that mean?

Indeed, this question borders the realm of metaphysics and ontology (the philosophy of existence) as much as it does on the strictly empirical questions about time that physics is well-equipped to address.

Time is all over the place in physics.

Is it a ‘quantum’ thing?

Quantum things are fundamentally unpredictable, appearing randomly, all over the inflationary vacuum, parts of it ‘decayed’ into ordinary, everyday vacuum. Think of tiny bubbles forming in a vast ocean.

In each bubble, the inflationary vacuum disappeared, but its enormous energy had to go somewhere.

It went into creating matter and heating it. It went into creating a Big Bang. Our Big Bang Universe is merely one such bubble among a possible infinity of other Big Bang universes in the ever-expanding inflationary vacuum!

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The twin pillars of modern physics are Einstein’s General Relativity and Quantum theory.

The laws of quantum theory permit this to pop into existence out of nothing.

The former reigns supreme in the large-scale Universe, while the latter orchestrates the small-scale world of atoms and their constituents. They have resisted a merger, which is a problem because, in the Big Bang, the Universe was small.

It is essential to unite Einstein’s theory with quantum theory.

  • And there’s another phenomenon called quantum superposition. This principle of quantum mechanics suggests that particles can exist in two separate locations at once. This really hinges on what is meant by “to be in two positions”.
  • According to standard QM, when a particle is observed to be in a particular place, it is there and nowhere else. Before the observation, however, the particle’s position may not be definite, i.e., it’s not at a particular place at all.

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There isn’t any wave particle duality because an electron isn’t a particle and it isn’t a wave. Instead it’s an excitation in a quantum field. The electron field can interact in ways that look like a particle and it can interact in ways that look like a wave, but that doesn’t mean it is a particle or is a wave.

The fundamental basis of QM is assuming that energy comes in discrete quantities rather than a continuum. There’s no obvious, intuitive reason for this, necessarily… but the results that come out of QM are spectacular- in that they are extremely well supported by experiments.

“Why is energy discrete rather than continuous?”

Physics is a parallel world of tricky mathematical models, fine tuned in order to reproduce the behaviour of reality, but it is not the reality itself.  It may sound obvious, but for many people it isn’t so.

Nobody really knows what an electron is completely.

What an electron is and what an electron can behave are different concepts to be clarified.

It’s my opinion! By the way particle is point, but wave is a function to describe all the possible locations of the particle. Electron particle cannot appear at two different points but you can find it through your interaction experiment setup.

Particles can be in two (or more) places at the same time.

This is not yet a proof that quantum mechanics hold for large objects.

For example, there is not yet a quantum mechanical theory of gravity.

In 2005, the Hubble Space Telescope revealed more than 10,000 galaxies and led astronomers to estimate there must be 200 billion galaxies in the observable universe, and 50 billion trillion stars.

Where did it all come from?

The religious explanation is that a supernatural causal agent call God brought all matter, energy, space and time into existence? God who was speaking spoke from outside of time.

If the universe has a beginning, that means there’s got to be some kind of beginner; It’s a beginner beyond space and time, and that looks too much like the God of the Bible.

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” accurately describe what science has discovered?

Why is that proof that God created everything, first of all that God exists and that then he actually created all of this?

The Big Bang model is the idea that the universe is traceable back to a beginning.

Not just a beginning of matter and energy, but a beginning of matter, energy, space and time. And how the universe continuously expands from that beginning, and expands at the just right rate to make life possible and even advanced life possible at this moment in the universe.

This flash called the Big Bang is generated by the sudden annihilation of all anti-matter in the universe.

A delicate balance of a billion and one particles to every billion anti-particles guarantees the existence of matter in the later universe. And it also guarantees the possibility of life.

From the creation event, protons, neutrons, anti-protons, anti-neutrons decompose into even more fundamental particles called quarks.

But the universe is too hot and too dense even for quarks to exist and too compressed for light to be possible.

After the creation event the universe was too hot for atoms to exist. Electrons could not orbit around nuclei. Because the universe was nothing but charged particles, an amorphous glow is all that appears. The universe would be so hot that protons and neutrons can’t stick together. All atomic nuclei fall apart.

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The universe therefore must have a beginning and, hence, a beginner beyond space and time; there must be an actual beginning of time; That means no matter what you speculate about the universe, as long as it expands on average you are stuck with this beginner beyond matter, energy, space and time.

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We’ve got two easy proofs that any lay person can appreciate that the universe indeed must have this singular beginning of matter, energy, space and time.

So what are we to make of all the observations that the entire universe appears to have been meticulously designed for humans?

And astronomer George Greenstein in his book, The Symbiotic Universe, expressed these thoughts:

“As we survey all the evidence, the thought insistently arises that some supernatural agency must be involved. Is it possible that suddenly, without intending to, we have stumbled upon scientific proof of the existence of a Supreme Being? Was it God who stepped in and so providentially crafted the cosmos for our benefit?”

Stephen Hawking concedes, “It would be very difficult to explain why the universe should have begun in just this way except as the act of a God who intended to create beings like us.”

The probability of all these known parameters randomly coming together would be one chance in 10215, a probably so incredibly tiny that statistically speaking, it’s impossible. And this probability is becoming even more remote with every new scientific discovery.

Such a high degree of design demonstrates that this entity of a god must be a personal being with an amazing creativity, wisdom, power, care and love to a degree far beyond human capabilities. He has fine tuned the Milky Way galaxy, the solar system, and planet earth so that spiritual life can be fused with physical life in this one small place for one brief span on our time line.

Millions of galaxy clusters fill the universe, each containing thousands of galaxies, adding up to ten billion trillion stars. That’s ten with 21 zeros after it.

We needed all of those stars for some reasons, alright?

This enormity is essential to life’s existence. If the number of stars in the observable universe were any greater or any fewer, life would be impossible. If there were fewer stars in the observable cosmos, nuclear fusion would be so inefficient that the only elements to form would be hydrogen and helium. With more stars in the universe, all the elements would be heavier than iron. No carbon, no nitrogen, no oxygen.

Only in a cosmos with a finely-tuned mass of stars can the life-essential elements be produced.

So it turns out, the vast reaches of the cosmos are not a big waste of space, energy, matter and time.

If energy cannot be created or destroyed, where does it come from?

Many scientists believe that the total energy of the universe is zero. Hence, no energy needed to be “created” when the universe came into existence.

As Stephen Hawking explained, when you pull two objects apart, you need to expend energy to overcome the gravity that pulls them together. As it takes positive energy to separate them, gravity must be negative energy. If that theory is correct, then there was never any need to create energy or matter – they cancel each other out. That implies that the big bang could have started as a simple statistical fluctuation.

Additionally, many galaxies appear to lack sufficient mass to be held together by gravity and should have been torn apart long ago.

So, what is causing these unknown phenomena? Dark matter, which makes up 85% of total matter in the universe, is a hypothetical type of matter that responsible for the way galaxies are organized.

Our universe is therefore the result of a quantum fluctuation. Particles routinely pop into and out of existence.

Take the sun as an example.

Its nuclear fusion reactions turn matter (think of it as concentrated energy) into visible sunlight and other forms of energy. The sunlight hits a green leaf on Earth and the solar energy is now transferred into a chemical energy store as oxygen is separated from carbon dioxide and water, leaving carbohydrate in the leaf.

We eat the leaf and breathe in the oxygen.

The respiration reaction in our muscle cells allows the energy to be used to move our arm as we hammer in a nail. The arm, nail, hammer and the air absorb the sound, get hot and radiate infrared heat to outer space.

So the energy concentrated in the original hydrogen atoms in the sun is now scattered into the universe. Low-grade and almost useless, but still the same amount we started with.

Finally my conclusion’s.Space-time: Long exposure star trail image taken at Hehuan Mountain, Taiwan.

For some thing to come into existence from nothing is impossible even a black hole has to start with some thing and disappear into some thing. What that is Space time  In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. From Wikipedia.

According to the best of current physical theories, space-time explains the unusual relativistic effects that arise from traveling near the speed of light as well as the motion of massive objects in the universe.

So its some thing that travel’s faster than the speed of light depended on its state of motion – warped spacetime!

Light was known to be an electromagnetic phenomenon, but it did not obey the same laws of mechanics as matter.

Henceforth space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.

Weight arises due to the warping of time, rather than space. What this means in practice is that gravity on earth is “equivalent” to acceleration mostly in the sense that clocks on the surface run more slowly than clocks in outer space.

If one goes beyond classical physics and into modern quantum field theory, then questions of absolute versus relational spacetime are rendered anachronistic by the fact that even “empty space” is populated by matter in the form of virtual particles, zero-point fields and more.schwinger effect

You can’t get something for nothing. In the quantum realm, something really can emerge from nothing.

As long as you have empty space — the ultimate in physical nothingness — simply manipulating it in the right way will inevitably cause something to emerge. Take a meson and try to rip the quark away from the antiquark, and a new set of particle-antiparticle pairs will get pulled out of the empty space between them an electromagnetic fields where many properties of all physical systems are conserved: where things cannot be created or destroyed. In theory, a strong enough electromagnetic field can rip particles and antiparticles out of the vacuum itself, even without any initial particles or antiparticles at all.

In early 2022, strong enough electric fields were created in a simple laboratory setup leveraging the unique properties of graphene, enabling the spontaneous creation of particle-antiparticle pairs from nothing at all. The prediction that this should be possible is 70 years old: dating back to one of the founders of quantum field theory.

In the Universe we inhabit, it’s truly impossible to create “nothing” in any sort of satisfactory way. Everything that exists, down at a fundamental level, can be decomposed into individual entities — quanta — that cannot be broken down further. If you take all of them away, however, the “empty space” that remains isn’t quite empty in many physical senses the quantum fields remain. Just as we cannot take the laws of physics away from the Universe, we cannot take the quantum fields that permeate the Universe away from it. No matter how far away we move any sources of matter, there are two long-range forces whose effects will still remain: electromagnetism and gravitation. Even if you create a perfect vacuum, devoid of all particles and antiparticles of all types, where the electric and magnetic fields are zero, there’s clearly something that’s present in this region of what a physicist might call, from a physical perspective, “maximum nothingness.”

Space cannot be “entirely emptied”  As to where is came from. Clearly, we exist, as do the stars and galaxies we see, so something must have created more matter than antimatter, making the Universe we know possible. It seems like an impossibility. On one hand, there is no known way, given the particles and their interactions in the Universe, to make more matter than antimatter. On the other hand, everything we see is definitely made of matter and not antimatter.

Doesn’t it matter. The fact that we exist and are made of matter is indisputable; the question of why our Universe contains something (matter) instead of nothing (from an equal mix of matter and antimatter) is one that must have an answer.

When it does, one of the greatest mysteries in all of existence will finally have a solution.

Therefore as Max Beerbolm said: ” Besides Dr Einstein there are only two men who can claim to have grasped the Theory of Relativity I cannot claim to be either of these.  The attempt to conceive Infinity has always been quite arduous enough for me. But to imagine the absence of it ; to feel perhaps we and all the stars beyond or ken are somehow cosily ( thought awfully) closed in by curtain curves beyond which is nothing; and to convince myself, by the way, that this exterior is not ( in virtue of being nothing) something and there fore …. but I lose the thread.”

All human comments appreciated. All like clicks and abuse chucked in the bin.

Contact: bobdillon33@gmail.com

THE BEADY EYE ASKS: DOES GRAVITY CREATE ENGERY OR IS IT THE OTHER WAY AROUND – ENGERY PRODUCED GRAVITY. EITHER WAY – ONE OR BOTH TOGETHER PRODUCES THE BIG BANG.

28 Monday Nov 2022

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(Twenty minute read)

What goes up must come down.  Simple.

Far from it, as energy comes in all kinds of different forms and can be converted from one form to another.

Energy is the capacity for something to do work on something else.

Kinetic energy. The energy of something that’s moving.

Gravitational potential energy. Something that’s way up high has much more gravitational potential energy than something that’s lower.

Chemical potential energy. This is the energy that’s stored in some molecules which can be transformed into other forms of energy when chemical reactions happen.

Thermal energy. Heat something up, and it will have more energy than if it is cold. All living things have some thermal energy, and many of them deliberately make thermal energy by causing chemical reactions to take place

Electrical energy. This is transmitted along power lines.

Magnetic energy. Magnetic fields have energy in them.

Mechanical potential energy. Compress a spring and it stores energy which can be released later.

Energy carried by sound. Sound waves consist of regions of air which move back and forth together, carrying both kinetic energy and mechanical potential energy

Energy is carried by light.

Nuclear energy — the sun works by fusing very light atoms together to make heavier ones, releasing energy in the process.

The energy of just being matter.(  E=mc^2, relating the amount of energy an object has (when it’s at rest) to its mass.)

We cannot create or destroy energy they all coexist, except for non-living things that have been existing by themselves since the start of the universe.

Living things all need energy to live , to move and they get it by eating, which gravity does, eating  Mass.

Where gravity gets its energy? gravity has to be getting its energy from somewhere, gravity is nonlinear: it acts upon itself to create energy, that is, a gravitational field itself is a source of more gravity.

Gravity is a “force” that causes all objects with mass to attract each other. However it does not  push or a pull, rather it curves space to bring them together.

There are three dimensions of space we live in: up-down, left-right, forward-back but there is another that we forget about and that is time a dimension.

Mass causes gravity by warping space, and space and time are part of the same thing, spacetime… so mass can also curve and warp time.

We have no way of observing it and nothing in our daily existence leads us to believe time can be altered.  It is, arguably, one of the most provocative and important ideas humans have ever conceived.

So the gravity that is responsible for deflecting starlight as it grazes the Sun also deflects gravitational waves. The curvature of space-time is gravity. A ray of light… it bends in the presence of gravity and  because the range of gravity is infinite: No matter how far you are from the source, its gravitational field, though weak, is still present.

So time passes’ faster for a clock in the weaker gravitational field.

As astronauts have experience gravity does impact cell metabolism in organisms. A lack of gravity means your bones and muscles need to work less, and thus your body will shed this “waste.” So while gravity may not directly affect a single cell’s metabolic activity on a biochemical level, gravitational forces exerted on an entire organism affect organ/tissue/(ultimately cellular) function.

Surprisingly, gravity itself is the reason why flames rises upwards! called convection.

It’s worth noting that we really don’t have a good understanding of gravity still. Although we know a lot about it’s behaviour.

Gravity is not, technically, describable either as having energy or as being energy, although a description of it as “negative energy” is often used in pop. sci., as an aid to people as lacking in mathematical acuity as myself.

Here is my understanding.

Everything in the beginning was in form for energy, i.e. photons. At certain point of time energy got converted to matter and gravity came into existence. When gravity came to existence the gravitational energy or potential came into existence, since then it is converting to other forms and vice versa.

The problem here is that on think that gravity between two masses is a force originating from the masses themselves.

This is where it becomes complex.  What were these two Masses?

Mass, in physics, is a quantitative proportion of idleness/inertia, an essential property of all matter. It is, as a result, the obstruction that a body of matter offers to an adjustment of its speed or position upon the action of force. Matter is just ‘stuff’. Specifically, stuff with mass, meaning it gets attracted by gravity and exerts a gravitational pull on other stuff.

The fact that all of them respond to gravity (because they have mass).

So what we are looking at is Dark v Light.

More dramatically, these are invisible, because it turns out that light is an oscillating electromagnetic wave.

Finally, observations of the actual universe tell us that there’s a lot more stuff out there than we can actually see, and simulations show that to form galaxies at all we need significant amounts of invisible stuff to hold them together. What I want to convince you of is that there’s nothing strange about dark matter; it’s just a different type of stuff that outnumbers ‘everyday’ stuff by a factor of four, but can’t clump together to form atoms or planets.

If you mean dark as in lack of light – no, it does not.

As I understand it, I am made up of atomic particles of fluctuating light, which is the fundamental foundation of all that exists, so yes, darkness absorbs mass and the light that forms it.

If you mean dark MATTER – then this hypothetical form of matter indeed has mass. Space does have a mass as it isn’t a perfect vacuum and there are a few factors that contribute to the overall mass of empty space. The universe is expanding. Every single point is moving away from every other point over time. (However in the real universe, gravity ought to be slowing down the expansion but space has some strange property (A mysterious Something’ is not a good name for the effect, so you decide to call it ‘Dark Energy’ )after noting that the acceleration requires some additional energy source that you can’t detect. that you’ve never seen before. the faster its rate of inflation got (this is pretty much where we’re up to with Dark Energy. The universe is expanding, and the expansion is getting quicker. We don’t know for sure why that’s happening.)

Light does not have mass then it should have zero energy however light is composed of particles (energy packets) since it was able to knockout electrons from their orbits – relativistic mass the mass that is assigned to a body in motion.

We think the weight is the same everywhere … because we all live on the surface of the planet Earth!

Weight depends on the effect of gravity, so it can change depending on where it’s measured.

Weight is a force: it is the force acting on a given mass in a gravitational field, which is characterized by the gravitational acceleration.

All things are made up of matter. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object has, or how much “stuff” it is made up of. Weight is a measure of how much gravity pulls on a mass or object. Mass is an intrinsic property of matter. It doesn’t change depending on where you measure it.

When scales show “kg” it is just an estimate of the mass above them.

But in orbit mass would not push on the scales at all. An object’s mass doesn’t change (unless you remove some!), but its weight can change.

It is calculated that the mass of the universe is 2.55 × 1049 tons.

energy cannot be created or destroyed” is a very naïve way of expressing energy. Dark energy is weird because it has negative pressure. Which means that when gravity does work on it, it makes it expand, not contract.

In other words, dark energy behaves as though gravity was repulsive. So dark energy expands, as gravity is pumped into it.

Where does this energy ultimately come from?

As dark energy expands, it borrows energy from gravity, and the gravitational potential energy goes down…

The universe is now bigger as a result of expansion, so there is “more gravity” overall. So there is more negative gravitational potential energy, balancing out the increased (positive) total energy content of dark energy.

Energy cannot be produced, only generated and transformed.  Most of the energy which we used is the product or result of the Sun.

There are 4 mechanisms by which energy is transferred as heat (conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation). These 4 mechanisms transfer energy by random particle motion in the presence of a temperature gradient.

The momentum of the photon will cause it have a “weight” in a gravitational field, but given that it has no mass, there will be no gravitational attraction between individual photons. So far, there has been no evidence that photons interact with each other gravitationally.

“Inertia” and “Energy”, which, nonetheless, are absolutely fundamentally always simultaneously co-exist in every material object.

If you accelerate a mass, i.e. increase it’s energy, the mass goes up by the same amount because they are one and the same.

Who knows what is mass or time?  Mass is a category, time is still independent parameter.

As far as I can see the only relation that exists directly between time and mass is in relativity both have to be deflected to create the big bang.

The nature of dark energy ultimately determines the fate of the universe.

When you combine Inertia with Energy and Mass with Light /Time in a Magnetic field of momentum all under the umbrella of Gravity  the collapse of the pre-solar nebular (cloud of gas and dust/ the big bang ) was caused due to gravitational forces.

Where did that gravity come from?

Who was lifting balls and dropping them above the gas giant then?

Lets say we have two objects with equal mass close to each other. So gravity does its job and it pulls each other closer, this gets turned into kinetic energy. Kinetic energy comes from the gravitational pull so where does the gravitational pull gets its energy. If that energy isn’t being recycled from some where else..

Now let us reverse this process.

Suppose the two objects are next to each other, then take them apart. You have to spend energy to do that against gravity.  Now with your logic, you can say that energy that you spent in moving the object, is lost.  It is not.

Overall energy of the universe is constant. Gravitational pull has finite energy capacity even across infinite distances. But Energy can be converted form one type to another and that energy comes from the energy that brought the matter into existence in the first place.  It is a “default” energy from nowhere which mass already has as every particle of matter in the Universe has a surplus of of energy or potential energy.

Like Earth the whole Universe sucks.

Our star the sun has being supplying energy for billion of years,( with 10,000 times the world’s total energy use)

which has been converted by plants to grow die and make coal

For us to use solar power and wind power, we need to be able to store a lot of energy.

Coal is king, but not everywhere.

When we turn our clocks forward each spring, we move an hour of daylight toward the end of the day. In doing so  we saved 0.5% of electricity. Even though that sounds small, it’s actually 1.3 billion kilowatt-hours. That’s how much electricity 100,000 houses use in a whole year.

The current answer is that the energy was provided at the beginning of time in the Big Bang model of the universe.

I think it is the energy of momentum THAT PRODUCED THE BIG BANG.

If the universe was static there would be no gravity.

Energy varies according to reference points, i.e. its not absolute. This however cannot be technically accurate as “gravity” is a type of interaction or force that exist between any two bodies having mass.

Where did that spent energy go?  This is given to gravity!

The motion of the Earth around the sun creating our gravitational field that “adds” energy

Leave the objects on their own and they will come closer again, and will gain KE and they will gain exactly same amount of KE as the amount you spent in separating them. What it tells is that in either case, the energy is not lost, or created, it is converted from one form to another.

When you take them apart, you return this potential energy to system and all energy is constant in the universe, but may change forms.

If the force originate from the matter in the masses, then it might be possible to block some of that force and the ‘attraction’ will be smaller.

We know that the universe is composed of over 90% dark matter and dark energy. Dark energy comprises about 70% of this. So far, dark matter and energy remain undetectable and until there are the mechanism that produces gravity, will probably remain a puzzle.

Space is realm eternal and infinite. There is no vacuum in space.  Everything in the universe seems affected by gravity – even light (see black holes)

If you stood looking down on space it is therefore not completely empty. It is filled with photons, gravitational and electromagnetic fields, protons, neutrinos, atoms of hydrogen, helium, etc. These particles  have mass. Space cannot be empty.

So the universe would not exist with those values. The answer to why matter exists in the universe is because all massive particles are just the fabric of space excited into little packets.  A vacuum actually has energy in some form or another. Black holes aren’t really objects, but rather regions in spacetime. In fact, this is so true that black holes are what we call vacuum solutions. They are hypothesized by gravity to be collapsed (neutron) stars, so the collapsed remnant must be there somewhere (or maybe it transforms into the energy of the gravitational field). The mass is still there, inside the event horizon. Black holes are made of gravity alone, gravity being sourced by gravity itself. to the point of completely evaporates. Gravity propagates through vacuum twisting space and time around so that time (the future) points inwards towards the singularity. Eventually they squeeze to the point that their energy emerge into some other domain. The big bang.

All matter can only move and interact with other gravitational fields. In the end, all energy is still equivalently conserved.
Therefore, all energies are inherently cohesive with matter.

The result is that the 2 masses are pushed toward one another. If only one mass is used, the moving mass will always be pushed toward the light beam the Big Bang  Then one does not have to find where the energy of gravity comes from because the force is coming from all direction of space and is probably caused by all what is moving through space at the speed of light.

For the purposes of understanding the ‘source’ of the black hole’s gravity, because the singularity is in the future of every particle that has yet to hit it, and causality requires that the future has no effect on the present. One must stop thinking of gravity as a force at this point, and remember that gravity is an artefact of time- space. so as time stops, “gravity-space” becomes infinite, and where space stops, “gravity- time” becomes an infinite energy and a  force coming from every direction.

The universe exists beyond your ability to see it with light. (The furthest light we can see is the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which is the light left over from the Big Bang, forming at just 380,000 years after our cosmic birth.)

Therefor I propose that a black hole in another adjacent universe to ours rubbed up against our universe resulting in the Big Bang.

In a new study, Stanford physicists Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin have calculated the number of all possible universes, coming up with an answer of 10^10^16.

Indeed, a previous measurement by the Hubble Space Telescope suggested there were 2 trillion galaxies spread across the universe. But the latest discovery counts only hundreds of billions of galaxies instead.100 billion but this number is likely to increase to about 200 billion as telescope technology in space improves – The Webb Telescope.

there were two trillion (2×1012) or more galaxies in the observable universe, overall, and as many as an estimated 1×1024 stars (more stars than all

There are an estimated 100 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone making up about 100 billion suns. The Earths sun 4,603 billion years.

Remember that when contemplating the universe light has limits. Close your eyes, and see the universe in your mind, without the light that enters your eyes. The limits of light are the deceptions of the nature of the universe. You must “see” past them.

The observable Universe is 92 billion light-years in diameter.

Will our Sun become a black hole?

 No, it’s too small for that! The Sun would need to be about 20 times more massive to end its life as a black hole.

Finally.  How skewed our perception of reality is.

Our world is shaped by our senses our knowledge and our societies.

We apparently according to Quantum Physics when we measure something it collapses into two state of reality, that are both unmeasurable when observed.  So that when observed by two people their disparate records are incompatible, making it impossible for them to be regarded as objects.  Two worlds exist simultaneously at the Quantum level.

Which one did the Big Bang happen in.?

All human comments appreciated .All like clicks and abuse chucked in the bin.

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